htmlToXlsx([filename], [html])

An Excel file (XLSX) in bytes.

Supports multiple worksheets, frozen headers (thead), colspan/rowspan merging, base64 images, inline styling (background-color, color, text-align, vertical-align, borders), text formatting (bold, italic, underline, hyperlinks), automatic numeric typing, column widths, row heights, text wrap control, font styling, Excel number-formats with automatic value coercion, and Excel tables (ListObjects) with auto-filter and banded rows.

Function signature

htmlToXlsx(filename?, html?) — with no filename the file is called export.xlsx; if html is omitted, the runtime output buffer is used as input. The response is sent as a download (Content-Disposition: attachment).

Structural elements

• <table title="..."> — sets the worksheet name. Without title, "Sheet1", "Sheet2", ... is used.
• <thead> — rows in thead are automatically frozen in Excel (Freeze Panes).
• <tr> — one row
• <td> / <th> — one cell. <th> automatically gets bold text.
• colspan / rowspan — <td colspan="N"> / <td rowspan="M"> merges via Excel Merge. Subsequent rows automatically skip columns occupied by an ongoing rowspan.
• <colgroup><col> — declares per-column properties (width, format) before the first <tr>. Use span="N" to apply the same column to multiple columns.

Cell content (priority)

1. Image cell — ONE <img> with base64 data-URL and only whitespace otherwise
2. Styling peel — content wrapped in <b>/<strong>/<i>/<em>/<u> and/or <a href> (combinable, nestable)
3. Text cell — everything else is displayed as text

For text cells:

• <br> / <br/> / <br /> (case-insensitive) → line break, WrapText is enabled automatically
• Numeric strings → Excel numbers (sum/sort/filter works)
• <th> → bold

Image support

• Only base64-encoded data-URLs: data:image/<type>;base64,<data>
• Formats: PNG, JPEG, GIF, BMP
• HTTP/HTTPS is intentionally rejected
• ONE image per cell, only whitespace otherwise
• Size: width/height attributes → style="width:Xpx;height:Ypx" → natural pixel size
• Row height adapts to the image automatically

Column widths

Column widths can be set on <col> (preferred — applies to entire column) or on the first <td>/<th> in a column (legacy fallback). Subsequent rows are ignored once the column is seeded. Cells with colspan > 1 never seed column widths (ambiguous distribution).

<table>
  <colgroup>
    <col style="width: 140px">
    <col style="min-width: 20; max-width: 60">
    <col width="30">
  </colgroup>
  ...
</table>

• width — fixed column width (overrides auto-fit entirely)
• min-width / max-width — clamps auto-fit between these bounds (default is 20/80 chars)
• Units: px, pt, em/rem (1em = 16px), in, cm, mm, ch. Naked numbers in width="N" follow HTML 4.01 convention and mean characters; naked numbers in style="width: N" also mean characters in this column-width context. Percent and auto are ignored.
• Conversion: 1 char ≈ 7px @ 96 DPI (Calibri 11pt), 1px = 0.75pt

Row heights

Set via <tr height="..."> or <tr style="height: ...">. Naked numbers in the height attribute are pixels (HTML convention). Image cells may still raise the row higher if their image is taller — we take the maximum so explicit heights are never lost.

<tr height="40"><td>...</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 30pt"><td>...</td></tr>

Text wrap control

Multi-line content (containing <br> or \n) automatically enables WrapText. Override via white-space:

• white-space: normal / pre-wrap / pre-line / break-spaces — force wrap (useful for long single-line strings)
• white-space: nowrap / pre — disable wrap

Font styling

Via inline style on <td>/<th>:

• font-size — accepts pt, px, em/rem, etc. (1px = 0.75pt). E.g. font-size: 14pt or font-size: 18px.
• font-family — first named family is used. Generic families (serif, sans-serif, monospace, cursive, fantasy, system-ui) are skipped — they have no Excel equivalent. E.g. font-family: "Consolas", monospace becomes Consolas.
• font-weight: bold or font-weight: 600 (or higher) → Bold (same as <b>)
• font-style: italic or font-style: oblique → Italic (same as <i>)

Border support

Via inline style on <td>/<th>:

• border — shorthand: [width] [style] [color]
• border-top / border-right / border-bottom / border-left — per-side shorthand
• Width: 1px/thin, 2px/medium, 3px+/thick
• Style: solid, dashed, dotted, double, none
• Color: all CSS formats (hex, names, rgb())

<table border="1"> enables thin black border on all cells. Inline border overrides.

For merged cells (colspan/rowspan) the border is applied as outer perimeter — bottom/right edges are on the cells in the last row/column of the merge area.

Text styling

• <b> / <strong> → Bold
• <i> / <em> → Italic
• <u> → Underline
• <a href="..."> → Cell gets hyperlink
• <th> → Bold (automatic)

Can be nested as long as the ENTIRE cell content is wrapped. Mixed content (e.g. Hello <b>world</b>) is displayed as literal HTML.

Cell styling via style attribute

• background-color — cell background (on merged cells: entire range)
• color — text color
• text-align — left, center, right, justify, start, end
• vertical-align — top, middle, center, bottom
• white-space — see Text wrap control
• font-size / font-family / font-weight / font-style — see Font styling
• width / min-width / max-width — see Column widths
• height — on <tr>, see Row heights
• border + per-side — see border section

Cell value formatting (data-format)

Apply Excel number-formats and automatically coerce cell values to the matching CLR type. Set on <col> for column-wide format, or on <td>/<th> to override per cell.

<table>
  <colgroup>
    <col data-format="yyyy-mm-dd">
    <col data-format="#,##0.00">
    <col data-format="0%">
  </colgroup>
  <tr>
    <td>2026-05-13</td>          <!-- → DateTime, displayed as 2026-05-13 -->
    <td>1234.56</td>              <!-- → Number, displayed as 1,234.56 -->
    <td>50%</td>                  <!-- → 0.5, displayed as 50% -->
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td data-format="dd.mm.yyyy">2026-06-15</td>  <!-- per-cell override -->
    <td>2,500</td>
    <td>0.25</td>                 <!-- → 0.25, displayed as 25% -->
  </tr>
</table>

Format syntax

Follows Excel's number-format syntax (Microsoft "Number format codes") — NOT .NET DateTime format strings:

• yyyy — 4-digit year
• mm — 2-digit month (lowercase, next to y or d). In .NET this would be MM.
• dd — 2-digit day
• hh — 2-digit hour (24h)
• mm — 2-digit minute (when next to h or s)
• ss — 2-digit second
• 0 / # — digit placeholders (0 keeps trailing zeros, # omits)
• . / , — decimal/thousands separator (display)
• % — percent (Excel multiplies stored value by 100 for display)
• @ — text placeholder (force string rendering)

Common patterns:

• Date: yyyy-mm-dd, dd.mm.yyyy, mmm yyyy
• DateTime: yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
• Time: hh:mm:ss, hh:mm
• Number: 0.00, #,##0.00, #,##0
• Percent: 0%, 0.00%
• Currency: "$"#,##0.00, #,##0.00" kr"
• Text: @ (forces string rendering, preserves leading zeros, prevents numeric conversion)

Value coercion

When a data-format is present, the cell text is coerced to the matching CLR type before the format is applied:

• Date format (contains y, d, h, or s): parses with InvariantCulture first (ISO 2026-05-13), then falls back to CurrentCulture (e.g. 13.05.2026 on nb-NO). Combined date+time strings are supported.
• Percent format (contains %): value ending in % is divided by 100 (50% → 0.5). Values without % are assumed to already be ratios (0.5 → displays as 50%).
• Number format (contains # or 0): parses with InvariantCulture, accepts thousands separators. Explicit number format overrides the leading-zero protection — <td data-format="0">001234</td> becomes the number 1234.
• Text format (@): always written as string, preserving leading zeros and any digit-like input (typical for phone numbers, ZIP codes, customer IDs).

If the value cannot be coerced (e.g. "N/A" with date format), the cell falls back to plain text and the format is not applied.

Excel tables (data-table)

Convert a <table> into an Excel ListObject by adding the data-table attribute with a name. The resulting file gets auto-filter on the header row, banded row styling, and a named range usable in formulas.

<table data-table="Orders">
  <thead><tr><th>Date</th><th>Customer</th><th>Amount</th></tr></thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr><td>2026-05-13</td><td>Acme</td><td>1200</td></tr>
    <tr><td>2026-05-14</td><td>Globex</td><td>980</td></tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

Name rules

Excel enforces strict rules on table names. We sanitize lightly and skip table creation if the name cannot be made valid:

• Must start with a letter or underscore — names starting with a digit are rejected.
• Allowed characters: letters, digits, _, ..
• Spaces are converted to underscores ("Sales Orders" → Sales_Orders).
• Reserved single letters C, R (and lowercase) are rejected — Excel uses them as row/column references.
• Max length 255 characters (truncated silently).
• Names must be unique across the workbook. Duplicates get an auto-incremented suffix (Orders, Orders2, Orders3, ...).

If the name is invalid, the worksheet is generated normally but without the ListObject — no exception is thrown.

Range

The table spans from A1 to the last filled cell. The first row is treated as the header row (typically your <thead>).

Compatibility

• Combinable with data-format — column-level number formats are preserved when the table is created.
• Combinable with frozen headers — <thead> still freezes as before.
• NOT compatible with colspan/rowspan — Excel tables forbid merged cells. If any merged range exists in the table area, table creation is silently skipped and you get a plain formatted range instead.

Automatic numeric typing (without data-format)

When no data-format is specified:

• InvariantCulture: 1234, 3.14, -0.5 → number
• Norwegian decimals (1,5) remain text — use 1.5 or specify data-format="#,##0.00"
• Leading zeros are preserved as text (ZIP, phone, ID): "0001234" remains text — use data-format="@" or data-format="0" to override
• Text with letters remains text

Known limitations

• Images: only base64, only ONE per cell, only whitespace otherwise
• Mixed text+markup is displayed as literal HTML
• Column width is not automatically adjusted for image cells
• Comma decimals are not treated as numbers (without explicit data-format)
• Assumes <thead> comes before <tbody>
• data-format with only the m token is ambiguous (month vs minute) — use mmm or combine with y/d/h/s to disambiguate
• data-table is skipped if the range contains merged cells (colspan/rowspan) — Excel does not allow merged cells inside a ListObject